In 1803, South Dakota was an unmarked portion of wilderness ceded by
France to the U.S. for 15 million dollars (about three cents an acre) in
the Louisiana Purchase. President Thomas Jefferson, hoping to find the
Northwest Passage--a waterway that could serve as a trade route with the
Orient by connecting the West with the Pacific Ocean--commissioned the
Lewis and Clark expedition.
In addition to finding the Northwest Passage and exploring America's
new territory, the expedition was asked to discover all they could about
the Indians living in the area. Heavily laden with trading goods such as
glass beads and cooking kettles, the duo set out with Sacagawea and 30
others on an exploration that passed through South Dakota traversing the
muddy Missouri River. Along the way, the two explorers met and traded
with Indian tribes and learned about Indian cultures.
Today, the state preserves its past and monuments dedicated to the
adventures of the two explorers. Highways 1804 and 1806 snake along the
Missouri River roughly following the aquatic highway that transported
the Corps of Discovery through South Dakota.
But South Dakota's history isn't limited to the explorers that passed
through, it is also deeply rooted in the traditions of the Native
American population that originally inhabited the area. Today, over
50,000 Native Americans live in the state, and multiple reservations
share South Dakota's terrain with sprawling farmlands. The proud history
of the Sioux Nation has permeated the state and can be experienced at
museums like the Akta Lakota Museum, while even more ancient history can
be found at the Mitchell Prehistoric Indian Village archeological site.
As fascinating as the first inhabitants and the subsequent explorers
is the region's natural landscape. The western portion harbors the
massive Black Hills and the protruding spires and buttes of the Badlands
National Park. Through the center of the state runs the Missouri River
and various dams and manmade lakes offering endless spots for fishing
and water sports. The eastern portion of the state is characterized by
the wide-open prairies that shaped frontier history.
The spirit of adventure has not left the state and along the way
inhabitants have sought to challenge the physical landscape and re-shape
its facade to reflect their heritage. Chiseled in the walls of the Black
Hills is the famous Mt. Rushmore, depicting the faces of four American
presidents. And only a few miles away, a tribute to Native American
culture is emerging in the form of the Crazy Horse Memorial.
South Dakota offers the visitor an opportunity to reconnect with the
history that shaped the West. The historic landmarks, natural wonders,
and diverse population make South Dakota a perfect retreat for any
visitor.